The Top of the Pyramid Approach to Entrepreneurship (TOPAE) was my first attempt to capture the covariation that influenced entrepreneurial activity. Covariation was expressed at both the individual level and enterprise level. The TOPAE Model has three levels and a portion of the model was discussed at multiple academic conference proceedings:

  1. Reorganizing the scientific episteme of African American entrepreneurship (2009 ASBE Conference Proceedings).

  2. Creating A Basis For Understanding Entrepreneurial Variation Using Social And Cultural Attributions: A Phenomenological Perspective (2009 IABPAD Conference Proceedings/ Research Award and Journal Publication).

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Top of the Pyramid Approach to Entrepreneurship by Carlton L. Robinson, DBA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.